Ua loaʻa hou nā waiwai o ka ʻāina ʻē a CNOOC!

Ma ʻOkakopa 26, ua hōʻike ʻo Reuters ua hana ʻo ExxonMobil a me kāna mau hoa ʻo Hess Corporation a me CNOOC Limited i kahi "ʻike nui" ma ka poloka ʻo Stabroek ma waho o Guyana, ka pūnāwai Lancetfish-2, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻehā o ka ʻike ma ka poloka ma 2023.

Aia ka ʻike Lancetfish-2 ma ka wahi laikini hana ʻo Liza o ka poloka Stabroek a ua manaʻo ʻia aia he 20m o nā waihona wai hydrocarbon a ma kahi o 81m o ka pōhaku ʻaila, wahi a ke keʻena ikehu o Guyana ma kahi nūpepa. E alakaʻi ana nā mana i ka loiloi piha ʻana i nā loko wai hou i ʻike ʻia. Me kēia ʻike ʻana, ua loaʻa iā Guyana he 46 ʻike aila a me ke kinoea mai ka makahiki 2015, me ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 11 biliona barela o ka aila a me ka mālama kinoea hiki ke hoʻihoʻi.

He mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma ka lā 23 ʻOkakopa, ma mua o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana, ua hoʻolaha ka hui ʻaila ʻo Chevron ua loaʻa i kahi ʻaelike paʻa me Hess hoʻokūkū e kiʻi iā Hess no $53 biliona. Me ka ʻaiʻē, he $60 biliona ka waiwai o ka ʻaelike, ʻo ia ka lua o ka loaʻa ʻana ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ExxonMobil $59.5 biliona o Vanguard Natural Resources, ʻo ia hoʻi he $64.5 biliona me ka hōʻaiʻē net, i hoʻolaha ʻia ma ʻOkakopa 11.

Ma hope o ka super merger a me ka loaʻa ʻana, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻo ka hoʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai aila honua ua lawe mai i nā waiwai waiwai i ka poʻe pilikua aila, a ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua loaʻa i ka poʻe pilikua aila ko lākou mau unahi ponoʻī no ka wā e piʻi ai ke koi no ka aila. ʻO kēlā me kēia kumu, ma hope o ka hui ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike ua hoʻi hou ka ʻoihana ʻaila i ka boom o ka hui ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana, a ke kokoke mai nei ke au o nā oligarchs!

No ExxonMobil, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o Pioneer Natural Resources, ka hui hana kiʻekiʻe o kēlā me kēia lā ma ka ʻāina Permian, ua kōkua i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kona noho aliʻi ʻana ma ka Permian Basin, a no Chevron, ʻo ka mea kupanaha loa o ka loaʻa ʻana o Hess ʻo ia ka hiki iā ia ke lawe i luna. ʻO nā waiwai o Hess ma Guiana a lanakila "i ke kaʻa" i ka laina waiwai.

Mai ka hana ʻana o ExxonMobil i kāna ʻike aila nui mua loa ma Guyana i ka makahiki 2015, ua hoʻomau ka ʻike ʻana o ka aila a me ke kinoea hou i kēia ʻāina liʻiliʻi o ʻAmelika Hema i nā moʻolelo hou a ua makemake nui ʻia e nā mea hoʻopukapuka he nui. Aia i kēia manawa ʻoi aku ma mua o 11 biliona barela o ka aila a me ka mālama kinoea hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia ma ka poloka ʻo Stabroek o Guyana. Loaʻa iā ExxonMobil he 45% ka uku ma ka poloka, Hess he 30% uku, a ʻo CNOOC Limited he 25%. Me kēia hana, ua ʻeke ʻo Chevron i ka hoihoi o Hess i ka poloka.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Chevron ma kahi paʻi paʻi ʻana ʻo Guyana's Stabroek block he "waiwai kūʻokoʻa" me ka ʻoihana alakaʻi kālā a me ka haʻahaʻa carbon profile, a ke manaʻo ʻia nei e ulu i ka hana i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana. E ulu ka hui hui ʻia i ka hana a me ke kahe kālā manuahi ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o ke alakaʻi ʻana o Chevron i kēia manawa ʻelima makahiki. Hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1933 a he poʻo nui ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, he mea hana ʻo Hess ma ke Kaiwa o Mexico o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a me ka ʻāina ʻo Bakken o North Dakota. Eia kekahi, he mea hana kinoea maoli a me ka mea hana ma Malaysia a me Thailand. Ma waho aʻe o nā waiwai o Hess ma Guyana, ke nānā nei ʻo Chevron i nā waiwai shale Bakken he 465,000 ʻeka a Hess e hoʻonui ai i ke kūlana o Chevron i ka ʻaila shale a me ke kinoea US. Wahi a ka US Energy Information Administration (EIA), ʻo ka ʻāina ʻo Bakken ka mea hana nui loa o ke kinoea maoli ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, e hana ana ma kahi o 1.01 biliona cubic mika i kēlā me kēia lā, a ʻo ka lua o ka mea hana aila nui loa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, e hana ana ma kahi o 1.27 miliona barela i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ke ʻimi nei ʻo Chevron e hoʻonui i kāna waiwai shale, e hoʻomaka ana i nā hui a me nā loaʻa. Ma ka lā 22 o Mei o kēia makahiki, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Chevron e loaʻa iā ia ka mea hana ʻaila shale PDC Energy no $6.3 biliona e hoʻonui ai i kāna ʻoihana aila a me ke kinoea ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ma hope o nā lono e loaʻa iā ExxonMobil nā Pioneer Natural Resources i ʻApelila o kēia makahiki. He $7.6 biliona ka waiwai o ka hana, me ka aie.

Ke hoʻi nei i ka manawa, i ka makahiki 2019, ua hoʻohana ʻo Chevron i $ 33 biliona e loaʻa iā Anadarko e hoʻonui i kāna ʻaila shale US a me ka ʻoihana ʻoihana LNG ʻAmelika, akā ua "ʻoki ʻia" e Occidental Petroleum no $ 38 biliona, a laila hoʻolaha ʻo Chevron i ka loaʻa ʻana o Noble Energy. i Iulai 2020, me ka aie, me ka huina kālā o $13 biliona, lilo i ka hui nui loa a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻoihana aila a me ke kinoea mai ka maʻi lei aliʻi hou.

ʻO ka "nui" o ka hoʻolilo ʻana i $53 biliona no ka loaʻa ʻana iā Hess he mea kānalua ʻole ia he "hāʻule" koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻolālā hui ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hui, a e hoʻoikaika pū ai i ka hoʻokūkū ma waena o nā pilikua aila.

I ʻApelila o kēia makahiki, i ka wā i hōʻike ʻia ai e kūʻai nui ana ʻo ExxonMobil i Pioneer Natural Resources, ua hoʻopuka ka pōʻai aila i kahi ʻatikala e kuhikuhi ana ma hope o ExxonMobil, ʻo Chevron ka mea e hiki mai ana. I kēia manawa, "ua pae nā kāmaʻa", i hoʻokahi mahina wale nō, ua hoʻolaha kūkala nā hui ʻaila nui ʻelua o ka honua i nā hana kūʻai aku. No laila, ʻo wai ka hope?

He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo i ka 2020, ua loaʻa iā ConocoPhillips Concho Resources no $ 9.7 biliona, a ukali ʻia e ConocoPhillips no $ 9.5 biliona ma 2021. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo CEO ConocoPhillips ʻo Ryan Lance ua manaʻo ʻo ia i nā hana shale hou aʻe, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hana ikehu Permian Basin "pono ​​​​e hoʻohui." Ua kō ʻia kēlā wānana. I kēia manawa, me ExxonMobil a me Chevron e hana nui ana, e neʻe pū ana kā lākou mau hoa.

Ke noʻonoʻo nei ʻo Chesapeake Energy, kekahi pilikua shale nui ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea hoʻokūkū ʻo Southwestern Energy, ʻelua o nā waihona ʻea shale nui loa ma ka ʻāina ʻo Appalachian o ka ʻākau hikina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO kahi kanaka i kamaʻāina i kēia mea, nāna i ʻōlelo ma ke ʻano o ka inoa ʻole, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia no nā mahina, ua kūkākūkā ʻo Chesapeake me Southwestern Energy e pili ana i kahi hui.

Ma ka Pōʻakahi, ʻOkakopa 30, ua hōʻike ʻo Reuters ua kamaʻilio ka hui ʻaila BP me nā hui he nui i nā pule i hala aku nei e hana i nā ʻoihana hui i nā poloka shale he nui ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. E hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻoihana hui i kāna mau hana ma ke kīʻaha kinoea shale Haynesville a me Eagle Ford. ʻOiai ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka Luna Nui o BP i nā ʻōlelo hoʻopiʻi e pili ana nā hoa paio US ʻo ExxonMobil lāua ʻo Chevron i nā hana aila nui, ʻo wai ka mea e ʻōlelo he mea ʻole ka nūhou? Ma hope o nā mea a pau, me ka waiwai nui o nā kumu waiwai aila a me nā kinoea, ua hoʻololi nā mea nui o ka aila i ko lākou ʻano maikaʻi o ka "kū'ē i ke aniau" a lawe i nā hana hou e hopu i nā manawa waiwai nui o kēia manawa. E hōʻemi ʻo BP i kāna hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻemi ʻana o 35-40% e 2030 i ka 20-30%; Ua hoʻolaha ʻo Shell ʻaʻole ia e hōʻemi hou i ka hana a hiki i 2030, akā e hoʻonui i ka hana kinoea kūlohelohe. Ma kahi kaʻawale, ua hoʻolaha aku nei ʻo Shell e ʻoki ka hui i nā kūlana 200 i kāna mahele Low Carbon Solutions e 2024. Ua hoʻonui nā mea hoʻokūkū e like me ExxonMobil a me Chevron i kā lākou hoʻokō ʻana i nā wahie fossil ma o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka aila nui. He aha ka hana a nā hui ʻaila ʻē aʻe?