Akụ CNOOC si mba ofesi emeela nnukwu nchọpụta ọzọ!

Na Ọktọba 26, Reuters kọrọ na ExxonMobil na ndị mmekọ ya Hess Corporation na CNOOC Limited mere “nchọpụta dị ukwuu” na Stabroek block offshore Guyana, olulu mmiri Lancetfish-2, nke bụkwa nchọpụta nke anọ na ngọngọ na 2023.

Nchọpụta Lancetfish-2 dị na mpaghara ikike mmepụta Liza nke Stabroek block na a na-eche na ọ nwere 20m nke mmiri mmiri na-ebu mmanụ na ihe dịka 81m nke nkume ájá na-ebu mmanụ, ngalaba ike nke Guyana kwuru na nkwupụta mgbasa ozi. Ndị ọchịchị ga-eme nyocha zuru oke nke ọdọ mmiri ndị achọpụtara ọhụrụ. Gụnyere nchọpụta a, Guyana enwetala nchọpụta mmanụ na gas 46 kemgbe 2015, yana ihe karịrị ijeri barel 11 nke mmanụ na gas nwere ike nwetaghachi.

Okwesiri iburu n'uche na n'October 23, obere oge tupu nchoputa a, nnukwu mmanụ mmanụ Chevron kwupụtara na ya na onye na-agba ọsọ Hess eruola nkwekọrịta doro anya iji nweta Hess maka ijeri $ 53. Gụnyere ụgwọ, nkwekọrịta ahụ ruru ijeri $ 60, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nnweta nke abụọ kachasị mgbe ExxonMobil nweta ijeri $ 59.5 nke Vanguard Natural Resources, nke ruru ijeri $ 64.5 gụnyere ụgwọ net, kwupụtara na October 11.

N'azụ super mergers na nnweta, n'otu akụkụ, nlọghachi nke ọnụ ahịa mmanụ mba ụwa ebutela ndị na-ebu mmanụ uru bara ụba, na n'aka nke ọzọ, ndị na-agba mmanụ nwere akpịrịkpa nke ha maka mgbe ọchịchọ mmanụ ga-arị elu. Ihe ọ bụla kpatara ya, n'azụ njikọta na ịzụrụ ihe, anyị nwere ike ịhụ na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ alaghachila na ọganihu nke mergers na ịzụrụ ihe, na oge nke oligarchs na-eru nso!

Maka ExxonMobil, nnweta nke Pioneer Natural Resources, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe kachasị elu kwa ụbọchị na mpaghara Permian, nyere aka mee ka ọchịchị ya guzosie ike na Permian Basin, na Chevron, akụkụ kachasị dị ịrịba ama nke inweta Hess bụ na ọ nwere ike weghara ya. Akụ Hess dị na Guyana wee banye na bọs nke ọma wee banye n'ahịrị akụ.

Ebe ọ bụ na ExxonMobil mere nchọpụta mmanụ mbụ ya na Guyana na 2015, nchọpụta mmanụ na gas ọhụrụ na obodo nta a dị na South America gara n'ihu na-edekọ ndekọ ọhụrụ na ọtụtụ ndị na-etinye ego na-achọsi ike. Enwere ugbua ihe karịrị ijeri barel 11 mmanụ na gas nwere ike nwetaghachi na ngọngọ Stabroek nke Guyana. ExxonMobil na-ejide mmasị 45% na ngọngọ, Hess na-ejide mmasị 30%, yana CNOOC Limited na-ejide mmasị 25%. Site na azụmahịa a, Chevron tinyere mmasị Hess na ngọngọ ahụ.

Chevron kwuru na nkwupụta mgbasa ozi na ngọngọ Stabroek nke Guyana bụ "akpa oke pụrụ iche" nke nwere oke ego na-eduga ụlọ ọrụ yana profaịlụ carbon dị ala, ma na-atụ anya na ọ ga-eto na mmepụta n'ime afọ iri na-abịanụ. Ụlọ ọrụ jikọtara ọnụ ga-eto mmepụta na ego ego efu ngwa ngwa karịa ntuziaka Chevron dị ugbu a afọ ise. Tọrọ ntọala na 1933 ma bụrụ onye isi na United States, Hess bụ onye nrụpụta na Ọwara Mexico nke North America na mpaghara Bakken nke North Dakota. Na mgbakwunye, ọ bụ onye na-emepụta gas na-arụ ọrụ na Malaysia na Thailand. Na mgbakwunye na akụ Hess dị na Guyana, Chevron na-elekwa akụ shale nke Hess 465,000-acre Bakken iji kwalite ọnọdụ Chevron na mmanụ na gas shale US. Dị ka US Energy Information Administration (EIA) si kwuo, mpaghara Bakken bụ ugbu a bụ onye na-emepụta gas sitere n'okike na United States, na-emepụta ihe dị ka ijeri cubic 1.01 kwa ụbọchị, na nke abụọ na-emepụta mmanụ na United States, na-emepụta ihe dị ka 1.27 nde barel kwa ụbọchị. N'ezie, Chevron nọ na-achọ ịgbasa akụ shale ya, na-ebute njikọ na nnweta. Na Mee 22 nke afọ a, Chevron kwupụtara na ọ ga-enweta onye na-emepụta mmanụ shale PDC Energy maka ijeri $6.3 iji gbasaa azụmahịa mmanụ na gas na United States, na-eso asịrị na ExxonMobil ga-enweta Pioneer Natural Resources n'April nke afọ a. Azụmahịa ahụ bara uru na ijeri $ 7.6, gụnyere ụgwọ.

Laa azụ n'oge, na 2019, Chevron mefuru $33 ijeri iji nweta Anadarko iji gbasaa mmanụ shale US na mpaghara azụmahịa LNG nke Africa, mana Occidental Petroleum mechara 'bipụ' ya maka ijeri $ 38, wee kwupụta na Chevron nweta Noble Energy. na July 2020, gụnyere ụgwọ, na ngụkọta azụmahịa uru nke $13 ijeri, na-aghọ ndị kasị ukwuu jikọrọ ọnụ na nnweta na mmanụ na gas ụlọ ọrụ kemgbe ọhụrụ okpueze ọrịa.

"Nnukwu nkwekọrịta" nke imefu $ 53 ijeri iji nweta Hess bụ ihe ịrụ ụka adịghị ya na "ọdịda" dị mkpa nke njikọ nke ụlọ ọrụ na atụmatụ ịzụta, ọ ga-emekwa ka asọmpi dị n'etiti ndị dike mmanụ sikwuo ike.

N'April nke afọ a, mgbe a kọrọ na ExxonMobil ga-azụta nnukwu ego nke Pioneer Natural Resources, mmanụ mmanụ nyere otu akụkọ na-egosi na mgbe ExxonMobil gachara, onye na-esote nwere ike ịbụ Chevron. Ugbu a, "akpụkpọ ụkwụ agbadala", n'ime naanị otu ọnwa, ndị nnukwu mmanụ mmanụ abụọ nke mba ụwa ekwupụtala azụmahịa ịzụ ahịa super. Yabụ, onye ga-esote?

Ọ dị mma ịmara na na 2020, ConocoPhillips nwetara Concho Resources maka ijeri $ 9.7, sochiri ConocoPhillips maka ijeri $ 9.5 na 2021. Amụma ahụ emezula ugbu a. Ugbu a, ka ExxonMobil na Chevron na-eme nnukwu azụmahịa, ndị ọgbọ ha na-agakwa njem.

Chesapeake Energy, nnukwu nnukwu shale ọzọ na United States, na-atụle inweta onye mgba Southwwwest Energy, abụọ n'ime ihe nchekwa gas shale kacha na mpaghara Appalachian nke dị na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ United States. Onye maara okwu ahụ nke ọma, onye kwuru okwu n'ọnọdụ amaghị aha, kwuru na ruo ọnwa ole na ole, Chesapeake na Southwwest Energy nwere mkparịta ụka na-egbu oge banyere njikọ nwere ike ime.

Na Mọnde, Ọktọba 30, Reuters kọrọ na nnukwu mmanụ BP “na-akparịta ụka ya na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ n'izu ndị na-adịbeghị anya” iji guzobe njikọ aka na ọtụtụ ihe mgbochi shale na United States. Nkwekọrịta ahụ ga-agụnye ihe omume ya na basin Haynesville shale gas basin na Eagle Ford. Agbanyeghi na onye isi oche nke BP mechara wepụrụ ebubo na ndị US ExxonMobil na Chevron na-amanye aka na nnukwu azụmahịa mmanụ, onye ga-ekwu na akụkọ ahụ bụ ihe enweghị isi? A sị ka e kwuwe, na nnukwu uru nke mmanụ na gas omenala, ndị isi mmanụ agbanweela àgwà ọma ha nke "igbochi ihu igwe" ma nakweere usoro ọhụrụ iji jide nnukwu ohere uru nke oge. BP ga-ebelata nkwa ya nke 35-40% mbelata ihe ọkụkụ site na 2030 ruo 20-30%; Shell ekwuputala na ọ gaghị ebelata mmepụta ya ruo 2030, kama ọ ga-abawanye mmepụta gas. Iche iche, Shell na nso nso a mara ọkwa na ụlọ ọrụ ga-ebipụ 200 ọnọdụ na ya Low Carbon Solutions nkewa site 2024. Asọmpi dị ka ExxonMobil na Chevron emewo mikwuo ha nkwa na fossil mmanụ ụgbọala site isi mmanụ. Gịnị ka ndị dike mmanụ ndị ọzọ ga-eme?