Katundu wakunja kwa CNOOC apezanso china chachikulu!

Pa Okutobala 26, Reuters idanenanso kuti ExxonMobil ndi anzawo a Hess Corporation ndi CNOOC Limited adapeza "zambiri" mu block ya Stabroek offshore Guyana, chitsime cha Lancetfish-2, chomwe chilinso chachinayi kupezeka mu block mu 2023.

Kupezeka kwa Lancetfish-2 kuli mdera lachiphaso cha Liza ku Stabroek block ndipo akuyerekezedwa kuti ali ndi malo osungiramo madzi okwana 20m komanso pafupifupi 81m ya mchenga wokhala ndi mafuta, dipatimenti yamagetsi yaku Guyana idatero potulutsa atolankhani. Akuluakulu adzawunika mwatsatanetsatane malo osungira omwe angopezeka kumene. Kuphatikizira zomwe zapezedwazi, Guyana yalandila mafuta ndi gasi 46 kuyambira 2015, ndi migolo yopitilira mabiliyoni 11 amafuta ndi gasi omwe angathe kubwezeredwa.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti pa Okutobala 23, zitatsala pang'ono kupezeka, chimphona chamafuta Chevron chidalengeza kuti chakwaniritsa mgwirizano wotsimikizika ndi mnzake Hess kuti agule Hess kwa $ 53 biliyoni. Kuphatikizira ngongole, mgwirizanowu ndi wokwanira $ 60 biliyoni, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yachiwiri pakukula kwakukulu pambuyo pa ExxonMobil kupeza $ 59.5 biliyoni ya Vanguard Natural Resources, yomwe ndi yamtengo wapatali $ 64.5 biliyoni kuphatikiza ngongole yonse, idalengezedwa pa Okutobala 11.

Kumbuyo kwa kuphatikiza kwakukulu ndi kugula, kumbali imodzi, kubwereranso kwamitengo yamafuta padziko lonse lapansi kwabweretsa phindu lalikulu kwa zimphona zazikulu zamafuta, ndipo kumbali ina, zimphona zazikulu zamafuta zili ndi masikelo awoawo pomwe kufunikira kwa mafuta kudzakwera. Ziribe chifukwa chake, kuseri kwa kuphatikizika ndi kupeza, titha kuwona kuti mafakitale amafuta abwereranso pakuphatikizana ndi kupeza, ndipo nthawi ya oligarchs ikuyandikira!

Kwa ExxonMobil, kupeza kwa Pioneer Natural Resources, kampani yapamwamba kwambiri yopanga tsiku lililonse m'chigawo cha Permian, kunathandizira kukhazikitsa ulamuliro wake ku Permian Basin, ndipo kwa Chevron, mbali yochititsa chidwi kwambiri yopeza Hess inali yokhoza kulanda. Katundu wa Hess ku Guyana ndikupambana "kukwera basi" kupita ku mzere wachuma.

Chiyambireni ExxonMobil kupeza mafuta koyamba ku Guyana mu 2015, mafuta ndi gasi atsopano omwe atulukira m'dziko laling'ono la South America ili akupitiriza kulemba mbiri yatsopano ndipo akhala akusirira ndi osunga ndalama ambiri. Pakali pano pali migolo yopitilira 11 biliyoni yamafuta ndi gasi omwe angathe kubwezeredwa mu block ya Stabroek ku Guyana. ExxonMobil ili ndi chiwongola dzanja cha 45% mu block, Hess ali ndi chiwongola dzanja cha 30%, ndipo CNOOC Limited ili ndi chiwongola dzanja cha 25%. Ndikuchita izi, Chevron adayika chidwi cha Hess mu block.

Chevron adanena m'mawu atolankhani kuti chipika cha Stabroek ku Guyana ndi "chuma chachilendo" chokhala ndi ndalama zotsogola m'makampani komanso mbiri yotsika ya carbon, ndipo akuyembekezeka kukula mukupanga zaka khumi zikubwerazi. Kampani yophatikizidwa ikulitsa kupanga ndi kutulutsa ndalama kwaulere mwachangu kuposa chitsogozo chazaka zisanu cha Chevron. Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1933 ndipo ili ku United States, Hess ndiwopanga ku Gulf of Mexico ku North America ndi dera la Bakken ku North Dakota. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi wopanga gasi komanso wogwiritsa ntchito ku Malaysia ndi Thailand. Kuphatikiza pa katundu wa Hess ku Guyana, Chevron ikuyang'ananso katundu wa Hess wa 465,000-acre Bakken shale kuti akweze udindo wa Chevron ku US shale mafuta ndi gasi. Malinga ndi US Energy Information Administration (EIA), dera la Bakken pakadali pano ndilopanga kwambiri gasi ku United States, likupanga pafupifupi ma kiyubiki metres biliyoni 1.01 patsiku, komanso lachiwiri pakupanga mafuta ku United States, likupanga pafupifupi Migolo 1.27 miliyoni patsiku. M'malo mwake, Chevron yakhala ikuyang'ana kukulitsa katundu wake wa shale, kuyambitsa kuphatikiza ndi kugula. Pa May 22 chaka chino, Chevron inalengeza kuti igula PDC Energy yopanga mafuta a shale kwa $ 6.3 biliyoni kuti ikulitse bizinesi yake ya mafuta ndi gasi ku United States, kutsatira mphekesera zoti ExxonMobil igula Pioneer Natural Resources mu April chaka chino. Ntchitoyi ndi yamtengo wapatali $ 7.6 biliyoni, kuphatikizapo ngongole.

Kubwerera m'mbuyo, mu 2019, Chevron adawononga $ 33 biliyoni kuti agule Anadarko kuti akweze malo ake amafuta aku US shale ndi malo aku Africa LNG, koma "adadulidwa" ndi Occidental Petroleum kwa $ 38 biliyoni, kenako Chevron adalengeza kupeza Noble Energy. mu July 2020, kuphatikizapo ngongole, ndi okwana ndikupeleka mtengo wa $13 biliyoni, kukhala kuphatikiza waukulu ndi kupeza mu mafuta ndi gasi makampani kuyambira mliri watsopano korona.

"Zambiri" zowononga $ 53 biliyoni kuti agule Hess mosakayikira "kugwa" kofunikira pakuphatikizana kwa kampaniyo ndi njira yopezera, komanso kukulitsa mpikisano pakati pa zimphona zazikulu zamafuta.

Mu April chaka chino, pamene zinanenedwa kuti ExxonMobil idzagula kugula kwakukulu kwa Pioneer Natural Resources, bwalo la mafuta linapereka nkhani yosonyeza kuti pambuyo pa ExxonMobil, yotsatira ikhoza kukhala Chevron. Tsopano, "maboti afika", m'mwezi umodzi wokha, zimphona ziwiri zazikulu zamafuta padziko lonse lapansi zalengeza zamalonda apamwamba kwambiri. Ndiye ndani adzakhala wotsatira?

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mu 2020, ConocoPhillips adapeza Concho Resources kwa $ 9.7 biliyoni, kutsatiridwa ndi ConocoPhillips kwa $ 9.5 biliyoni mu 2021. Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa ConocoPhillips Ryan Lance adanena kuti akuyembekezera malonda ambiri a shale, akuwonjezera kuti opanga mphamvu za Permian Basin "ayenera kulimbikitsana." Ulosi umenewu wakwaniritsidwa. Tsopano, ndi ExxonMobil ndi Chevron kupanga malonda aakulu, anzawo nawonso ali paulendo.

Chesapeake Energy, chimphona china chachikulu cha shale ku United States, ikuganiza zopeza mnzake waku Southwestern Energy, malo awiri akuluakulu osungira gasi a shale m'chigawo cha Appalachian kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa United States. Munthu wodziwa bwino nkhaniyi, yemwe sanatchulidwe dzina, adati kwa miyezi ingapo, Chesapeake anali ndi zokambirana zapakatikati ndi Southwestern Energy za kuphatikizika komwe kungachitike.

Lolemba, Okutobala 30, a Reuters adanenanso kuti chimphona chachikulu chamafuta BP "chakhala chikukambirana ndi mabungwe angapo m'masabata aposachedwa" kuti apange mabizinesi ogwirizana m'malo angapo a shale ku United States. Mgwirizanowu uphatikiza zochitika zake mu beseni la gasi la Haynesville shale ndi Eagle Ford. Ngakhale wamkulu wamkulu wa BP pambuyo pake adatsutsa zonena kuti opikisana nawo aku US ExxonMobil ndi Chevron adachita nawo malonda akulu amafuta, ndani anganene kuti nkhanizo zinali zopanda pake? Kupatula apo, ndi phindu lalikulu lazinthu zamafuta ndi gasi, akuluakulu amafuta asintha malingaliro awo abwino a "kukana kwanyengo" ndikutengera njira zatsopano zopezera phindu lalikulu pakadali pano. BP idzachepetsa kudzipereka kwake kwa 35-40% kuchepetsa mpweya ndi 2030 mpaka 20-30%; Shell yalengeza kuti sidzachepetsanso kupanga mpaka 2030, koma m'malo mwake ichulukitsa kupanga gasi. Payokha, Shell posachedwapa adalengeza kuti kampaniyo idzadula malo a 200 mu gawo lake la Low Carbon Solutions ndi 2024. Ochita nawo mpikisano monga ExxonMobil ndi Chevron adakulitsa kudzipereka kwawo ku mafuta opangira mafuta pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta akuluakulu. Kodi zimphona zina zamafuta zidzachita chiyani?