CNOOC's mhiri kwemakungwa midziyo yawana imwe huru yakawanikwa!

Musi waGumiguru 26, Reuters yakashuma kuti ExxonMobil nevamwe vayo Hess Corporation neCNOOC Limited vakaita "kuwanikwa kukuru" muStabroek block offshore Guyana, tsime reLancetfish-2, inova zvakare kuwanikwa kwechina mubhuroki muna 2023.

Kuwanikwa kweLancetfish-2 kunowanikwa munzvimbo yeLiza yekugadzira rezenisi yeStabroek block uye inofungidzirwa kuti ine 20m yemadhigirii anotakura hydrocarbon uye angangoita 81m ejecha rinotakura oiri, bazi reGuyana resimba rakadaro mukuburitswa kwenhau. Vakuru vachaita ongororo yakadzama pamusoro pemadhamu achangobva kuwanikwa. Kusanganisira kuwanikwa uku, Guyana yakagamuchira makumi mana nematanhatu emafuta uye gasi kuwanikwa kubva 2015, iine anopfuura bhiriyoni gumi nematanhatu madhiramu emafuta anodzoreredzwa negasi.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti muna Gumiguru 23, nguva pfupi isati yawanikwa, hofori yemafuta Chevron yakazivisa kuti yakanga yasvika chibvumirano chechokwadi nemukwikwidzi Hess kuti atore Hess nemadhora mazana mashanu nemakumi matatu emadhora. Kusanganisira chikwereti, chibvumirano ichi chakakosha mabhiriyoni makumi matanhatu emadhora, zvichiita kuti chive chechipiri pakukura mushure mekutora kweExxonMobil bhiriyoni makumi mashanu neshanu nemazana mashanu emadhora eVanguard Natural Resources, iyo inokosha madhora mabhiriyoni makumi matanhatu nemazana mashanu emadhora kusanganisira net mambure, yakaziviswa muna Gumiguru 11.

Seri kwekubatana kukuru uye kutora, kune rumwe rutivi, kudzoka kwemitengo yemafuta epasi rose kwakaunza purofiti yakawanda kune hofori dzeoiri, uye kune rumwe rutivi, hofori dzeoiri dzine zvikero zvadzo zvepanguva iyo kudiwa kwemafuta kuchanyanya. Chero chikonzero, kuseri kwekubatana uye kutora, isu tinogona kuona kuti iyo indasitiri yemafuta yadzoka mukuwedzera kwekubatanidzwa uye kutora, uye nguva ye oligarchs iri kusvika!

KuExxonMobil, kutorwa kwePioneer Natural Resources, kambani yepamusoro-soro yekugadzira zuva nezuva mudunhu rePermian, yakabatsira kumisa hutongi hwayo muPermian Basin, uye kuChevron, chinhu chinonyanya kushamisa chekutorwa kweHess ndechekuti yakakwanisa kutora. Hess's assets muGuyana uye akabudirira "kukwira bhazi" kumutsara wehupfumi.

Kubva ExxonMobil payakaita yekutanga kuwanikwa kweoiri muGuyana muna 2015, mafuta matsva negasi zvakawanikwa munyika iyi diki yeSouth America zvakaramba zvichiisa zvinyorwa zvitsva uye zvave kuchiva nevakawanda vanoita mari. Parizvino kune anopfuura bhiriyoni gumi nerimwe emadhiramu emafuta anodzoserwa uye gasi anochengeterwa muGuyana's Stabroek block. ExxonMobil inobata 45% inofarira mubhuroko, Hess inobata makumi matatu muzana, uye CNOOC Limited inobata makumi maviri neshanu muzana. Nekutengeserana uku, Chevron yakaisa kufarira kwaHess mubhuroka.

Chevron akataura mukuburitswa kwenhau kuti Guyana's Stabroek block "inoshamisa pfuma" ine mari inotungamira mumaindasitiri uye yakaderera kabhoni profiles, uye inotarisirwa kukura mukugadzirwa mumakore gumi anotevera. Kambani yakasanganiswa ichakura kugadzirwa uye kubuda kwemari kwemahara nekukurumidza kupfuura kutungamira kweChevron ikozvino yemakore mashanu. Yakavambwa muna 1933 uye inotungamirwa muUnited States, Hess mugadziri muGulf yeMexico yekuNorth America uye mudunhu reBakken kuNorth Dakota. Mukuwedzera, inogadzira gasi rechisikigo uye anoshanda muMalaysia neThailand. Pamusoro pezvinhu zvaHess muGuyana, Chevron iri kutarisa zvakare Hess's 465,000-acre Bakken shale assets kuti ikwidze chinzvimbo cheChevron muUS shale mafuta uye gasi. Sekureva kweUS Energy Information Administration (EIA), dunhu reBakken parizvino ndiro rakakura kugadzira gasi rechisikigo muUnited States, richigadzira anenge bhiriyoni imwe cubic metres pazuva, uye yechipiri pakukura mugadziri wemafuta muUnited States, achigadzira anenge bhiriyoni. 1.27 miriyoni madhiramu pazuva. Muchokwadi, Chevron yanga ichitsvaga kuwedzera midziyo yayo yeshale, kutanga kubatanidza uye kutora. Nomusi wa22 Chivabvu gore rino, Chevron yakazivisa kuti ichatenga kambani inogadzira mafuta eshale PDC Energy nemadhora mabhiriyoni matanhatu nemazana matatu emadhora kuti iwedzere bhizimusi rayo remafuta negasi muAmerica, zvichitevera runyerekupe rwekuti ExxonMobil yaizowana Pioneer Natural Resources muna Kubvumbi gore rino. Mutengesi uyu unokosha pamadhora 7.6 bhiriyoni, kusanganisira chikwereti.

Kudzokera munguva, muna 2019, Chevron yakashandisa mabhiriyoni makumi matatu nematatu emadhora kutenga Anadarko kuti iwedzere mafuta ayo eUS shale uye nzvimbo yebhizinesi yeAfrica LNG, asi pakupedzisira "yakagurwa" neOccidental Petroleum nemadhora makumi matatu nemasere emadhora, uye Chevron yakazivisa kutorwa kweNoble Energy. muna Chikunguru 2020, kusanganisira chikwereti, ine huwandu hwekutengeserana hunokosha hwemadhora 13 bhiriyoni, ichiva mubatanidzwa mukuru uye kutora muindasitiri yemafuta negesi kubva padenda idzva rekorona.

Iyo "hombe" yekushandisa madhora bhiriyoni makumi mashanu nenhatu kutora Hess pasina mubvunzo "kudonha" kwakakosha kwekubatana kwekambani nekutora zano, uye zvakare kuchawedzera makwikwi pakati pehofori dzemafuta.

MunaEpril gore rino, pazvakaudzwa kuti ExxonMobil yaizoita kutenga kukuru kwePioneer Natural Resources, denderedzwa remafuta rakabudisa chinyorwa chinoratidza kuti mushure meExxonMobil, inotevera inogona kuva Chevron. Ikozvino, "bhutsu dzamhara", mumwedzi mumwe chete, hofori mbiri dzemafuta epasi rose dzakazivisa zviri pamutemo kutengeserana kukuru kwekutora. Saka, ndiani achatevera?

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti muna 2020, ConocoPhillips akawana Concho Resources 9.7 bhiriyoni, achiteverwa ConocoPhillips nokuda $9.5 bhiriyoni muna 2021. ConocoPhillips CEO Ryan Lance akati anotarisira mamwe shale zvibvumirano, achiwedzera kuti Permian Basin simba vagadziri "vanofanira kusimbisa." Zvakafanotaurwa izvi zvave kuitika. Iye zvino, ExxonMobil neChevron vachiita zvibvumirano zvikuru, vezera ravo vari kufambawo.

Chesapeake Energy, imwe hofori huru yeshale muUnited States, iri kufunga kuwana mukwikwidzi weSouthwestern Energy, maviri ematura makuru egasi munzvimbo yeAppalachian kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweUnited States. Munhu anoziva nezvenyaya iyi, akataura asina kuda kudomwa zita, akati kwemwedzi yakati Chesapeake yaive nenhaurirano dzepakati neSouthwestern Energy nezve kubatanidzwa kungangoitika.

NeMuvhuro, Gumiguru 30, Reuters yakashuma kuti hofori yemafuta BP "yanga iri muhurukuro nemasangano akawanda mumavhiki achangopfuura" kuti vaumbe mubatanidzwa mumabhuroki akawanda e shale muUnited States. Mubatanidzwa uyu uchasanganisira zviitiko zvawo muHaynesville shale gasi basin uye Eagle Ford. Kunyangwe hazvo mukuru weBP wenguva pfupi akazorasa zvirevo zvekuti vakwikwidzi veUS ExxonMobil neChevron vaive nechekuita nekutengesa mafuta hombe, ndiani angati nhau idzi dzaive dzisina musoro? Mushure mezvose, nemubairo wakakura wemafuta echinyakare uye gasi zviwanikwa, vakuru vemafuta vakachinja maitiro avo akanaka e "kupikisa mamiriro ekunze" uye vakatora matanho matsva ekutora mikana mikuru yepurofiti yenguva ino. BP ichaderedza kuzvipira kwayo kwe35-40% kuderedzwa kwekubudisa ne2030 kusvika 20-30%; Shell yakazivisa kuti haisi kuzowedzera kuderedza kugadzirwa kusvika 2030, asi ichawedzera kugadzirwa kwegasi. Zvakaparadzana, Shell munguva pfupi yapfuura yakazivisa kuti kambani ichacheka nzvimbo mazana maviri muchikamu chayo cheLow Carbon Solutions panosvika 2024. Vakwikwidzi vakaita seExxonMobil neChevron vakadzamisa kuzvipira kwavo kumafuta efossil kuburikidza nekutora kukuru kwemafuta. Ko mamwe mahofori emafuta achaitei?