Ii-asethi zaphesheya ze-CNOOC zenze enye into enkulu!

Ngo-Oktobha 26, iReuters yabika ukuba i-ExxonMobil kunye namaqabane ayo i-Hess Corporation kunye ne-CNOOC Limited yenza "ukufumanisa okukhulu" kwi-Stabroek block offshore Guyana, i-Lancetfish-2 kakuhle, ekwafunyanwa kwesine kwibhloko kwi-2023.

Ukufunyanwa kweLancetfish-2 ibekwe kwindawo yelayisensi yokuvelisa iLiza kwibhloko yaseStabroek kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba ine-20m ye-hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs kunye ne-81m yelitye lentlabathi elithwele ioli, isebe lamandla laseGuyana lathi kwingxelo yeendaba. Abasemagunyeni baya kwenza uhlolo olubanzi lwamadama asandula ukufunyanwa. Kubandakanya oku kufunyanisiweyo, iGuyana ifumene i-oyile eyi-46 efunyenweyo kunye nerhasi ukusukela ngo-2015, ngaphezulu kwe-11 yeebhiliyoni zeebhareli zokugcinwa kweoyile kunye negesi efumanekayo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba nge-23 ka-Okthobha, ngaphambi nje kokufunyanwa, isigebenga se-oyile iChevron yabhengeza ukuba ifikelele kwisivumelwano esiqinisekileyo nembangi yakhe uHess ukufumana i-Hess nge-53 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Kubandakanya amatyala, isivumelwano sixabisa i-60 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibeyeyesibini ngobukhulu emva kokuthengwa kweVanguard Natural Resources ye-ExxonMobil eyi-59.5 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, exabisa i-64.5 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kubandakanywa netyala eliseleyo, elibhengezwe ngo-Oktobha 11.

Emva kokudityaniswa okuphezulu kunye nokuthengwa, kwelinye icala, ukubuyiswa kwamaxabiso e-oyile kumazwe ngamazwe kuye kwazisa inzuzo etyebileyo kwizigebenga zeoli, kwaye kwelinye icala, izigebenga zeoli zinezikali zazo zexesha lokufunwa kweoyile liphezulu. Kungakhathaliseki isizathu, emva kokudibanisa kunye nokuthengwa, sinokubona ukuba imboni yeoli ibuyele kwi-boom yokudibanisa kunye nokuthengwa, kwaye ixesha le-oligarchs lisondela!

Kwi-ExxonMobil, ukufunyanwa kwePioneer Natural Resources, eyona nkampani iphezulu yemveliso yemihla ngemihla kwingingqi yasePermian, yanceda ukuseka ulawulo lwayo kwiPermian Basin, kunye neChevron, eyona nto ibalaseleyo yokufunyanwa kweHess yayikukuba yakwazi ukuthatha indawo. Impahla kaHess eGuyana kwaye ngempumelelo "ukungena ebhasini" ukuya kumgca wobutyebi.

Ukususela ekubeni i-ExxonMobil yenza ukufunyanwa kwayo kweoli yokuqala eGuyana kwi-2015, ukufunyanwa kweoli entsha kunye negesi kweli lizwe lincinci laseMzantsi Melika liye laqhubeka nokubeka iirekhodi ezintsha kwaye liye lanqwenelwa ngabatyalo-mali abaninzi. Ngoku kukho ngaphezu kwe-11 yeebhiliyoni zeebharethi zoovimba be-oyile nerhasi ezinokufumaneka kwakhona kwibhloko yase-Guyana yase-Stabroek. I-ExxonMobil ibamba inzala ye-45% kwibhloko, i-Hess ibamba inzala ye-30%, kwaye i-CNOOC Limited ibamba inzala ye-25%. Ngale ntengiselwano, iChevron yafaka umdla kaHess kwibhloko.

UChevron uthe kwingxelo yeendaba ukuba ibhloko yaseGuyana yaseStabroek "yi-asethi engaqhelekanga" enemida yemali ehamba phambili kwishishini kunye neprofayili yekhabhoni ephantsi, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ikhule kwimveliso kule minyaka ilishumi izayo. Inkampani edibeneyo iya kukhulisa imveliso kunye nokuphuma kwemali simahla ngokukhawuleza kunesikhokelo sangoku seChevron seminyaka emihlanu. Yasekwa ngo-1933 kwaye ikomkhulu e-United States, iHess ngumvelisi kwiGulf of Mexico yaseMntla Melika kunye nengingqi yeBakken yaseMantla Dakota. Ukongeza, ngumvelisi wegesi yendalo kunye nomsebenzi eMalaysia naseThailand. Ukongeza kwii-asethi zikaHess eGuyana, iChevron ikwajonge ii-asethi ze-Hess ezingama-465,000 zeehektare ze-Bakken ze-shale ukunyusa isikhundla sika-Chevron kwi-oyile ye-shale yase-US kunye negesi. Ngokutsho kwe-US Energy Information Administration (EIA), ummandla we-Bakken okwangoku ngumvelisi omkhulu wegesi yendalo e-United States, evelisa malunga ne-1.01 yeebhiliyoni zee-cubic metres ngosuku, kunye nomvelisi we-oyile wesibini ngobukhulu e-United States, evelisa malunga ne-1. 1.27 yezigidi zemiphanda ngosuku. Enyanisweni, i-Chevron ijonge ukwandisa ii-asethi zayo ze-shale, iqalisa ukudibanisa kunye nokuthengwa. Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesibini kuCanzibe kulo nyaka, iChevron yabhengeza ukuba izakufumana iPDC Energy evelisa i-shale oil nge-6.3 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ukuze yandise ishishini le-oyile negesi eMelika, kulandela amarhe okuba iExxonMobil izakufumana iPioneer Natural Resources ngoAprili walo nyaka. Le ntengiselwano ixabisa i-7.6 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, kuquka namatyala.

Ukubuyela umva, ngo-2019, iChevron ichithe i-33 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ukufumana i-Anadarko yokwandisa i-oyile ye-shale yase-US kunye nendawo yeshishini lase-Afrika le-LNG, kodwa ekugqibeleni "yanqunyulwa" yi-Occidental Petroleum nge-38 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, emva koko iChevron yabhengeza ukufumana iNoble Energy. ngoJulayi 2020, kuquka ityala, ngexabiso lilonke intengiselwano $13 billion, ibe ukudibanisa inkulu kunye nokufunyanwa kushishino oyile kunye negesi ukususela ubhubhani isithsaba esitsha.

"Into enkulu" yokuchitha i-53 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ukufumana i-Hess ngokungathandabuzekiyo "ukuwa" okubalulekileyo kwesicwangciso sokudibanisa kunye nokufunyanwa kwenkampani, kwaye kuya kuqinisa ukhuphiswano phakathi kwezikhulu zeoyile.

Ngo-Ephreli kulo nyaka, xa kwaxelwa ukuba i-ExxonMobil yayiza kuthenga kakhulu i-Pioneer Natural Resources, isangqa seoli sakhupha inqaku elibonisa ukuba emva kwe-ExxonMobil, elandelayo ingaba yi-Chevron. Ngoku, "iibhutsi zifikile", kwinyanga nje enye, izigebenga ezimbini ze-oyile zamazwe aphesheya zibhengeze ngokusesikweni intengiselwano yokufumana okuphezulu. Ngoko, ngubani oza kulandela?

Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba kwi-2020, i-ConocoPhillips ifumene i-Concho Resources kwi-9.7 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, ilandelwa nguConocoPhillips kwi-9.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2021. I-CEO ye-ConocoPhillips uRyan Lance uthe ulindele izivumelwano ezininzi ze-shale, wongezelela ukuba abavelisi bamandla basePermian Basin "kufuneka badibanise." Olo qikelelo luzalisekile ngoku. Ngoku, kunye ne-ExxonMobil kunye neChevron zenza izivumelwano ezinkulu, oontanga babo nabo basendleleni.

I-Chesapeake Energy, esinye isigebenga esikhulu se-shale e-United States, icinga ukufumana imbangi ye-Southwestern Energy, ezimbini zezona ndawo zinkulu zogcino lwerhasi ye-shale kwingingqi ye-Appalachian kumntla-mpuma we-United States. Umntu oqheleneyo nalo mbandela, othethe ngemeko yokungaziwa, uthe kangangeenyanga, uChesapeake wayenengxoxo ezingephi kunye ne-Southwestern Energy malunga nokudityaniswa okunokwenzeka.

NgoMvulo, nge-30 ka-Okthobha, iReuters inike ingxelo yokuba isigebenga se-oyile iBP "ibe neengxoxo namaqumrhu amaninzi kwiiveki zamva nje" ukwenza amaphulo adibeneyo kwiibhloko ezininzi ze-shale e-United States. Intsebenziswano iya kubandakanya imisebenzi yayo kwindawo yerhasi yaseHaynesville ephuma ematyeni kunye neEagle Ford. Nangona i-CEO yethutyana ye-BP kamva yawachitha amabango ukuba izimbangi zase-US i-ExxonMobil kunye ne-Chevron zibandakanyeka kwizivumelwano ze-oyile ezinkulu, ngubani onokuthi iindaba zazingenanto ngaphandle kwesiseko? Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ngenzuzo enkulu yemithombo ye-oyile kunye negesi yemveli, abaphathi beoyile baye batshintsha isimo sabo sengqondo esihle "sokumelana nemozulu" kwaye bathathe amanyathelo amatsha okubamba amathuba amakhulu enzuzo okwangoku. I-BP iya kunciphisa ukuzinikela kwayo kwi-35-40% yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-2030 ukuya kwi-20-30%; AbakwaShell babhengeze ukuba abazukuyinciphisa ngakumbi imveliso kude kube ngu-2030, kodwa endaweni yoko bayakwandisa imveliso yerhasi yendalo. Ngokwahlukileyo, uShell usanda kwazisa ukuba inkampani iya kunqumla izikhundla ze-200 kwi-Low Low Carbon Solutions icandelo ngo-2024. Abakhuphisana nabo abafana ne-ExxonMobil kunye ne-Chevron baye baqinisa ukuzinikela kwabo kumafutha e-fossil ngokufunyanwa kweoli enkulu. Ziya kwenza ntoni ezinye iingxilimbela zeoli?